The Effect of Cylinder and Hub Creep on the Load Relaxation in Bolted Flanged Joints
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The leakage tightness behavior of bolted flange joints is compromised due to the high temperature effects and, in particular, when creep of the materials of the different components of the bolted flanged joint takes place. The relaxation of bolted flanged joints is often estimated from the creep of the gasket and the bolts. The creep behavior of the flange ring, the hub, and the cylinder is often neglected. Apart from an acknowledgement of relaxation due to the creep, the designer has no specific tools to accurately assess this effect on the bolt load relaxation. The objective of this paper is to present an analytical approach capable of predicting the bolt load relaxation due to the creep of the flange ring, hub, and cylinder. The proposed approach is compared to the 3D finite element models of different size flanges. An emphasis will be put toward the importance of including creep of the hub and cylinder in high temperature flange designs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".