Temporal deposition and spatial distribution of cytoskeletal proteins in the sperm head of an Australian rodent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Australian murine rodent, the plains mouse (Pseudomys australis), possesses a highly complex sperm head, in which there are, in addition to an apical hook, two ventral processes that extend from its upper concave surface. The present study set out to determine the temporal deposition and distribution of the proteins within these structures during late spermiogenesis by light and electron microscopy using various antibodies to bull and laboratory rat sperm-head cytoskeletal proteins. The findings show that there are two phases of protein deposition. In the first phase, perinuclear theca proteins are deposited at the base of the ventral processes around the acrosomal extensions of the developing spermatids. In the second phase, as the ventral processes expand, actin and then perforatorial proteins are laid down during which time the processes become progressively more bilaterally flattened. These various proteins are moulded together to give rise to the two very large cytoskeletal structures that extend from the upper concave surface of the sperm head. They may be involved in binding the spermatozoon to the outer surface of the zona pellucida and/or in aiding the spermatozoon in zona penetration at the time of fertilisation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".