Simulation of rain fading and scintillation on Ka-band Earth-LEO satellite links
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the near future, many of the research, communications relay and Earth observation satellites that will be placed into low Earth orbit (LEO) will use high speed Ka-band links to communicate with Earth stations during the short time they pass over a given location. The motion of a LEO satellite across the sky will cause the Earth-space path to pass through any rain cells and turbulence cells in the vicinity very quickly leading to steeper fade slopes and more rapid scintillation than in the well-studied geostationary case. Until extensive measurement programs are undertaken, simulation based upon reasonable models of the atmosphere is the likely best option for assessing the severity of fading on such links. If the spatial statistics and/or distributions of the rain and turbulence cells are known, one can predict the rate at which rain fading and scintillation will occur. We have used this insight to construct a channel simulator that can provide plausible predictions of the instantaneous path loss on Earth-LEO links during a given pass.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".