Cooler temperatures favour growth of wild leek (<i>Allium tricoccum</i>), a deciduous forest spring ephemeral
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Allium tricoccum Aiton is a common spring ephemeral of hardwood deciduous forests of northeastern North America. It takes advantage of the short period of high light conditions between snowmelt and canopy closure to complete its vegetative life cycle and accumulate carbohydrate reserves for the following year. Previous studies on other spring ephemerals have shown that growth of these species is enhanced when grown at low temperature, typical of very early spring. We thus quantified the effect of three growth temperature regimes, i.e., 18 °C day – 14 °C night, 12 °C day – 8 °C night, and 8 °C day – 6 °C night, which have previously been tested on Erythronium americanum, another spring ephemeral. Gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and plant biomass were measured repeatedly throughout the growth season. Growth was greatest under the 12 °C day – 8 °C night temperature regime, consistent with enhanced net photosynthetic rates (Pn), photochemical quenching (qP), and photochemical efficiency of photosynthesis (ΦPSII) at this temperature regime throughout the season. Pn was similar at 18 °C day – 14 °C night and 8 °C day – 6 °C night, but leaves had a greater duration at 8 °C day – 6 °C night; however, bulb biomass was not greater at 8 °C day – 6 °C night than at 18 °C day – 14 °C night. This study corroborates the general sensitivity of spring ephemerals to warmer temperatures. It also highlights species differences that might be caused by their specific carbon metabolism at the bulb level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".