Isolation and characterization of virulent bacteriophages against Escherichia coli serogroups O1, O2, and O78
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The goal of this study was to isolate and characterize a more complete set of phages that are active against Escherichia coli serogroups O1, O2, and O78, the main causative agents of avian colibacillosis. A mixture of E. coli (O1:K1), (O2:K1), and (O78:K80) was used as a host to isolate phages from wastewater and fecal samples from poultry processing plants. Seven phages were isolated; only 2 of them, EC-Nid1 and EC-Nid2, were selected for further characterization. It was found that EC-Nid1 and EC-Nid2 had icosahedral heads, necks, and contractile tails with tail fibers and therefore belonged to Myoviridae. The phages had genome sizes of 67.06 to 68.04 kb and they lysed all tested strains of E. coli serotype O1, O2, and O78. The 2 phages were resistant to pH 5 to 9, and phage EC-Nid2 was slightly more resistant to acid and alkali environments. Two major protein bands were indicated in EC-Nid (A and D); band D at 45 kDa was a major coat protein and band A was identified as a homolog of endo-N-acetylneuraminidase. It was concluded that phage EC-Nid1 and EC-Nid2 are highly active against O1, O2, and O78 colibacillosis strains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".