Experimental observation of nonclassical effects in a single detection rate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary form only given. In any optical system, quantum and classical theory yield identical predictions for the mean intensity. The quantum mechanical predictions diverge from the classical theory only for higher order correlations. For this reason, typical quantum-interference experiments are performed by measuring coincidence rates between two or more detectors. The usual approximation, following Glauber, is that a single-photon counter fires at a rate proportional to the intensity, or number of incident photons per unit time. This approximation is so good and so entrenched that one routinely assumes that all singles-detection rates are insensitive to quantum effects. However, if one of these detectors fires, it cannot fire again for a characteristic time, called the dead-time. This characteristic of the detectors makes them highly nonlinear over times shorter than the dead-time, and thus sensitive to the higher order intensity correlations. In other words the detector has a different response for two photons arriving at different times, than for two photons arriving at the same time. We use the process of spontaneous parametric-downconversion (SPDC) to create correlated photon-pairs and send them through a polarization-based Hong-Ou-Mander interferometer. This quantum interferometer allows us to change the photon statistics without changing the intensity of the beams.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".