Solar‐minimum quiet time ion energization and outflow in dynamic boundary related coordinates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report hemispheric average fluxes and energies of outflowing energetic (0.015 < E/q < 33 keV) H+, O+, and He+ ions in dynamic boundary‐related coordinates, from observations obtained by the Polar/TIMAS instrument near 6000 km altitude in the southern hemisphere during quiet geomagnetic intervals at solar minimum. We discuss our observations in terms of known energization and transport processes. We find that only a small fraction of energetic ions escape from the ionosphere directly into the polar cap and at quiet times the characteristic energies of escaping H+ are between 30 and 300 eV in the cusp region and between 30 eV and 1.2 keV in the midnight sector. For O+ we conclude the characteristic energy in the cusp is ∼100 eV and between 150 and 600 eV in the midnight sector. Our data suggest that the relative energization and acceleration of O+ is significantly different in the noon quadrant. The observations and analysis presented here also suggest that O+ has activity dependent transport paths from the ionosphere to the ring current that have not previously been identified.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".