Bibliographic record
Abstract
Flax (Linum vistatissimum L., Linaceae) and certain perennial species has been used in food in Europe and Asia since 5000–8000 BCE, and the fiber of flax stem has been used for linen cloth, and many other uses. Approximately 200 species of Linum (flaxseed or linseed) are known (Carter 1993). Flax was first brought to North America for its stem fiber to use in making of linen and paper. The stem fiber of flax makes a fine parchment paper. In the Northern Great Plains region of the United States and Canada, flaxseed has been grown as a commercial oilseed crop for over 100 years. Linseed oil is pressed from flaxseed and further extracted with a petroleum solvent. Industrial linseed is not useable for food or feed, although the linseed meal remaining as a by-product after oil extraction is used for animal feed rations. Use is increasing for flaxseed as a food. Approximately 2,340,000 bu [60,000 tonnes (t)] of flaxseed are used for food annually in Germany (Prentice 1990). Although cold-pressed flaxseed oil is not considered suitable for frying at high temperatures, flaxseed oil is used for low-temperature stir-frying in hundreds of villages in the flax-growing region of the People’s Republic of China (Pan 1990). CROP AREA AND PRODUCTION
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.041 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".