A Critical Literature Review for Islamic Banks Selection Criteria in Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Islamic banking initially established to cater for the needs of Muslims customers, as Muslims are obliged to obey the Shari’ah principles (Islamic Jurisprudence) in all aspects of life. However, the number of non-muslims involved in Islamic banking is increasing. In the case of Malaysia, the contributions of non-Muslims towards the development of Islamic banking have been remarkable, as some banks report that more than half of their Islamic financial products is by non-Muslim customers. It is argued that Muslims patronize Islamic banking due to religious consideration however, it is not clear why the non-Muslims patronize Islamic banking. Hence, the study aims to examine critical criteria for Islamic banks selection. The findings from the literature show that there are six main reasons why customers prefer Islamic banking, namely understanding of Islamic banking concept, Shari’ah compliance, religious contradiction, quality and attractiveness of offerings, willingness to deal with Islamic banks and prospect and potentials of Islamic banking.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.026 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.027 | 0.025 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".