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Record W2113149091 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.v65i4.1158

Audit of Renal Drug Dosing: Comparison of 2 Methods and Evaluation of Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviour

2012· article· en· W2113149091 on OpenAlexafffundvenueabout
Kimberley L Caouette, Colette B. Raymond, Lindsay D. Meyer, Nicholas Honcharik

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2012
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Canadian institutionsOttawa HospitalAlberta Health ServicesUniversity of Alberta HospitalAlberta Hospital EdmontonWinnipeg Regional Health Authority
FundersUniversity of Manitoba
KeywordsDosingPharmacyAuditDirectiveMedicineDocumentationPackage insertClinical pharmacyFamily medicineBusinessPharmacologyAccountingComputer science

Abstract

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Background: The renal dosing directive of the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Pharmacy Program outlines an auditable pharmacy service whereby pharmacists are required to perform documentation (i.e., document their rationale) only if they do not adjust the dose of any medications listed in the directive. Objective: To compare the suitability of manual orders (hard copy) and reports from the pharmacy information system (computer-generated) for determining pharmacists’ compliance with the renal dosing directive; to measure compliance with the renal dosing directive; and to determine pharmacists’ opinions about audit programs. Methods: A retrospective audit was used to compare 400 manual orders with the corresponding orders in reports from the pharmacy information system, to determine compliance with the renal dosing directive. An e-mail survey was performed to gather pharmacists’ opinions about audit programs. Results: Of the 400 orders evaluated, 86 (22%) required consideration of a dose adjustment. Of these, 78 (91%) showed that dosing followed the guidelines for renal dysfunction in standard pharmacy references. Six (7%) of 86 manual orders and 8 (9%) of 86 pharmacy information system orders were not compliant with the renal dosing directive (i.e., no dosage adjustment and no documentation of rationale). Of 77 pharmacists approached, 34 (44%) completed the survey. Most respondents (31/34 [91%]) agreed that auditing is beneficial to patients, and the same number (31/34 [91%]) agreed that auditing provides important information to the pharmacy program. Only 17 (50%) were aware of medications listed in the renal dosing directive, and 14 (41%) felt that they had received sufficient education about pharmacy directives. Most respondents (29/34 [85%]) agreed that audits would reveal areas for improvement, and all (34/34 [100%]) would comply with any changes required to facilitate performance of an audit if such changes did not increase workload. Conclusions: Similar results were obtained with the 2 auditing methods used for this study (manual orders and reports from the pharmacy information system). However, pharmacists’ current use of electronic documentation limits the feasibility of pharmacy information system audits. Survey respondents claimed that they were not familiar with the renal dosing directive, but they did agree that auditing clinical services is beneficial. RÉSUMÉ Contexte : La directive sur l’ajustement posologique chez les insuffisants rénaux du Programme de pharmacie de la Régie régionale de la santé de Winnipeg déc rit un service de pharmacie vérifiable sel on le quel les pharmaciens sont tenus de consigner les motifs seulement s’ils n’ajustent pas la posologie des médicaments énumérés dans la directive. Objectif : Comparer la pertinence des ordonnances manuelles (version papier) et des rapports générés par le système informatique de la pharmacie (version électronique) pour déterminer la conformité à la directive sur l’ajustement posologique chez les insuffisants rénaux de la part des pharmaciens; mesurer le degré de conformité à cette directive; et obtenir l’opinion des pharmaciens quant aux programmes de vérification. Méthodes : On a mené une vérification rétrospective pour comparer 400 ordonnances manuelles aux ordonnances correspondantes dans les rapports du système informatique de la pharmacie, afin de déterminer la conformité à la directive sur l’ajustement posologique chez les insuffisants rénaux. Un sondage par courriel a été envoyé aux pharmaciens pour obtenir leur opinion sur des programmes de vérification. Résultats : Des 400 ordonnances évaluées, 86 (22 %) requéraient la prise en considération d’un ajustement posologique. De celles-ci, 78 (91 %) se sont avérées conformes aux lignes directrices sur l’ajustement posologique en cas d’insuffisance rénale dans les ouvrages de référence standards de pharmacie. Six (7 %) des 86 ordonnances manuelles et 8 (9 %) des 86 ordonnances saisies par le système informatique de la pharmacie n’étaient pas conformes à la directive (c.-à-d. aucun ajustement posologique et aucune consignation des motifs). Des 77 pharmaciens qui ont reçu le sondage, 34 (44 %) y ont répondu. La plupart des répondants (31/34 [91 %]) étaient d’accord pour dire que la vérification est avantageuse pour les patients et la même proportion (31/34 [91 %]) l’était aussi pour dire que la vérification procure des renseignements utiles pour le programme de pharmacie. Seulement 17 (50 %) pharmaciens étaient au courant de la liste des médicaments de la directive et 14 (41 %) estimaient qu’ils avaient reçu une formation suffisante sur les directives pharmaceutiques. La plupart des répondants (29/34 [85 %]) ont affirmé que les vérifications permettraient de cerner des points à améliorer et tous (34/34 [100 %]) ont dit qu’ils se conformeraient à tout changement nécessaire à la tenue d’une vérification, pourvu que cela n’entraîne pas d’augmentation de la charge de travail. Conclusions : Des résultats similaires ont été obtenus à partir des deux méthodes de vérification utilisées dans cette étude (ordonnances manuelles et rapports du système informatique de la pharmacie). En revanche, l’utilisation actuelle de la consignation électronique par les pharmaciens limite la faisabilité des vérifications des systems informatiques de pharmacie. Les répondants au sondage ont affirmé ne pas être familiers avec la directive sur l’ajustement posologique chez les insuffisants rénaux, mais que la vérification des services cliniques est avantageuse.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.027
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.059
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.027
Threshold uncertainty score0.145

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0270.059
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0030.003
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.002
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.232
GPT teacher head0.529
Teacher spread0.297 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2012
Admission routes4
Has abstractyes

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