Radar backscatter from a wind roughened water surface in the Bragg regime
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Measurements of the normalized radar cross section (/spl sigma//sup o/) made by the YSCAT ultra-wideband scatterometer during an extended deployment at Lake Ontario are analyzed and compared with anemometer wind measurements to study the sensitivity of /spl sigma//sup o/ to the wind speed as a function of the Bragg wavelength. Wind speeds from 4.5 m/s to 12 m/s are studied at frequencies of 2 to 14 GHz and incidence angles within the Bragg regime, 30/spl deg/ to 50/spl deg/. Adopting a power law model to describe the relationship between /spl sigma//sup o/ and wind speed, the wind speed exponents and upwind/downwind (u/d) ratios of /spl sigma//sup o/ are presented as a function of the ocean Bragg wavelength. Analysis of the wind speed dependence of the normalized measurement variance suggests that Bragg scattering does not explain the observed scattering characteristics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".