Influence of parent flock age on embryonic metabolism in modern turkey strains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The metabolic response of some galliform embryos to embryonic heat production (EHP) and how incubation conditions have been adjusted to prevent overheating of embryos is well established in broiler breeders. However, the daily metabolic status of turkey embryos has not been studied or established in turkey embryos. The objectives of the current research were therefore to determine the respiratory (eggshell conductance, G) and metabolic status (EHP) of 2 modern turkey genetic strains [Hybrid (H) and Nicholas (N)] and 4 parent flock ages [young (Y, 30 wk), peak (P, 34 wk), mature (M, 55 wk), and old (O, 60 wk)] during incubation. To measure G, moisture loss from 15 eggs/genetic strain per flock age and saturated vapor pressure measured between the eggshell and its immediate environment were used. Daily embryonic O(2) consumption and CO(2) production rates were assessed 6 times each day from embryos of eggs (n = 11 eggs/genetic strain per flock age) incubated in individual metabolic chambers and were used to determined daily EHP. Data were analyzed using the mixed model procedure of SAS at P ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the G values (g/d per mmHg) were significantly different for the interaction between genetic strain and parent flock age (H × Y = 17.71, H × P = 17.53, H × M = 19.73, H × O = 26.46, N × Y = 16.70, N × P = 20.96; N × M = 25.47, N × O = 26.05; P = 0.0227). Daily EHP (mW) was higher in embryos from the O flock than in embryos from the Y flock during all days presented except at 8, 25, and 28 d of incubation (4 d: Y = 1.00, P = 0.93, M = 1.60, O = 1.75; 12 d: Y = 19.0, P = 20.0, M = 21.6, O = 23.4; 16 d: Y = 51.7, P = 60.5, M = 65.9, O = 70.8; 20 d: Y = 129, P = 146, M = 144, O = 155; 24 d: Y = 154, P = 188, M = 167, O = 180; 26 d: Y = 169, P = 199, M = 197, O = 230; and 27 d: Y = 231, P = 265, M = 288, O = 307; P < 0.05). The data showed that metabolic differences existed between embryos from flocks of different ages and that embryos from older flocks were metabolizing at a higher rate and could be subject to overheating, which requires further investigation. On the basis of the data, turkey eggs from flocks of different ages should be incubated separately for optimal physiological performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".