Biaxial orientation behavior of polystyrene: Orientation and properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Square sheets of extrusion grade polystyrene (PS) were biaxially stretched using a laboratory biaxial stretcher. The effects of process parameters such as stretch ratio, drawing sequence, drawing speed, and temperature were studied. Birefringence, mechanical properties, and thermal shrinkage of the stretched sheets were the focus of this study. A high orientation was achieved at high stretch ratio, and orientations from uniaxial to equi‐biaxial were obtained by controlling the relative magnitude of stretch ratio in machine (MD) and transverse (TD) directions. Stretching increased tensile strength and elongation at break significantly, which indicated an improvement in the toughness of the oriented PS sheets. Those properties were correlated with biaxial orientation factors: a rapid increase was observed for both tensile strength and elongation at break for birefringence levels above −0.005, and below, a plateau was observed. The shrinkage strain and stress were found to correlate well with the biaxial orientation factors. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 487–496, 2003
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".