Exchange Interaction in Gd$_4$Bi$_3$ and Gd From First-Principles Calculations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electronic structure and exchange interaction have been calculated for the Gd4Bi3magnetocaloric compound and Gd metal by a local-spin-density- approximation + Hubbard U (LSDA+U) method. In Gd4Bi3and Gd, the 4f states have little direct contribution to the ferromagnetic coupling. The higher Curie temperature is ascribed to the strong interaction between the Gd 5dand the Bi 6pelectrons in the Gd4Bi3compound. The estimated Curie temperatures from the calculated effective exchange coupling constants based on mean-field approximation are 337 K and 403 K for Gd metal and Gd4Bi3, respectively. These calculated values are comparable with the experimental values of Gd (TC= 294 K) and Gd4Bi3compound (TC= 332 K).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".