Warm spring and summer water temperatures in small eutrophic lakes of the Canadian prairies: potential implications for phytoplankton and zooplankton
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shallow, polymictic lakes with low heat storage capacity are especially susceptible to warmer spring conditions, predicted for a changing climate. In these lakes, atmosphere to water mass heat transfer is efficient as a result of high wind exposures and large surface areas relative to volumes. We examined effects of warmer water temperatures on phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and species composition in three small eutrophic lakes (5.2–14.9 ha) of the Canadian prairies in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, over two open-water seasons with contrasting spring weather conditions, i.e. 2005-a “normal” spring and 2006-a warm spring. Warmer spring and summer water temperatures were associated with decreased water transparency, increased phytoplankton biomass, increased relative filamentous cyanobacteria biomass and shifts in dominant genera from Aphanizomenon to Anabaena and Planktothrix. Zooplankton responded strongly; abundance of Daphnia (D. pulicaria, D. ambigua and D. parvula) decreased while rotifers, Skistodiaptomus oregonensis and Bosmina longirostris increased in abundance. Of several factors influencing phytoplankton dynamics, total dissolved nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and N:P] and water column stability did not show important changes between years. In contrast, water temperature [described as the metric degree-days (°C day)] was related to changes in phytoplankton and % cyanobacteria biovolume. Daphniid abundance showed a significant negative relationship with an increase in filamentous cyanobacteria biomass and, thus we suggest, was indirectly associated with increased water temperatures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it