BRDF Effects in Satellite Retrieval of Surface Spectral Reflectance in Solar Spectral Region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surface reflectance/albedo is important for many geophysical applications, atmospheric circulation, and climate modeling (Henderson-Sellers et al. 1993). It is a key input parameter for land type classification and serves as a major boundary condition in surface-atmosphere radiative transfer modeling, which determines the distribution of solar energy between the surface and the atmosphere. Surface reflective properties can be retrieved from satellite observations. A surface target may be observed by satellite from different viewing directions. Due to the anisotropy of surface reflection, this leads to diversity of surface properties retrieved from satellite composite images (Li et al. 1996). To address this problem, one needs to determine the surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) properties and correct for them in the final product. Integrals of BRDF functions result in the so-called black-sky and white-sky albedos that convey important information concerning the inherent properties of surface albedo (Wanner et al. 1997).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".