Attitude Control of Miniature Spacecraft Using MEMS Actuators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper examines a novel attitude control method based on MEMS actuators. Each actuator (called pseudo-wheel) comprises of four small beams of electrothermal materials. If these beams undergo the transverse deformation in a clockwise rotation, the spacecraft rotates in counter-clock-wise direction in order to conserve the system angular momentum. However, when the actuator is off, the beams come to their undeformed configurations because of their elastic properties. This problem can be overcome by employing a sequence of large rotations caused by deflecting actuators about two or three orthogonal axes to produce a net attitude change. This paper studies rotation sequences, kinematics analysis of spacecraft, and simulation of attitude motion. Assuming the conservation of system angular momentum and employing inverse kinematics, the time response of attitude motion of the spacecraft is simulated. This approach not only just searches a possible solution based on an open-loop control strategy, but also determines a set of optimal rotating rates of MEMS actuators, which can produce a minimum kinetic energy required for attitude control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".