Rehabilitation of Artisanal Mining Gold Land in West Lombok, Indonesia: 2. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Status of Tailings and Surrounding Soils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Artisanal mining plays an important role in the Indonesia economy; however, it has created serious environmentaldestruction. The prohibition of artisanal mining is not a wise policy and never works. A more valuable strategy isto encourage artisanal mining; however, the associated poor health, safety, and environmental conditions must beimproved. Therefore, effective rehabilitation of the environment post mining is essential. Phytoremediation isconsidered to be one method to achieve this rehabilitation. In this method, the interaction of plant roots withmycorrhiza is one of the key determinants of successful rehabilitation. A study to identify the indigenousmycorrhiza present in soil was carried out at an artisanal gold mining region at Sekotong, West Lombok, Indonesia.Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of a selection of indigenous plant species for the identification ofthe associated mycorrhizal fungi. Rhizosphere samples were collected from a normal agricultural soil as well aswaste rock and mine tailings. The plants studied were Acassia sp, Gmelina arborea, Leucaena glauca, Tectoniagrandis, Manihot utilissima, and Zea mays. There was an abundance of mycorrhizal fungi species associated withall observed plants, with the dominant genus being Glomus. The spore density varied from 77 – 240 spores/100g innatural soils, with the percentage of infected roots varying from 10 to 40%, and decreasing as the soil wasdisturbed. Some of these mycorrhizal fungi showed a relatively good ability to grow in the heavy metalcontaminated gold mine tailing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".