Multi-dimensional scanning multi-beam array antenna fed by integrated waveguide Butler matrix
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A one-port two-dimensional (2-D) radiating antenna element is proposed and then used to form a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) multi-beam antenna array. Leaky- wave antenna (LWA) consists of periodic arrangement of slot pairs designed on the top ground plane of the waveguide. Two-port LWA has frequency dependent radiation characteristics from −24° to +15° including the broadside direction. The output port of the LWA is loaded by antipodal linearly tapered slot antenna (ALTSA) to radiate all the remaining amount of power in the orthogonal direction. 4×4 Butler matrix based beam forming network (BFN) is proposed for the phase scanning of a 1×4 one-port LWA array and forms four independent simultaneous beams in the second dimension. The antenna and BFN are fabricated by using the SIW technology to implement highly efficient, compact, multi-dimensional scanning multibeam antenna array.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".