Fiber intake predicts ghrelin levels in overweight and obese postmenopausal women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ghrelin levels are decreased upon food intake, but the impact of specific diet-derived macronutrients on its regulation remains unclear. In addition, because of ghrelin's association with body weight regulation, it is important to understand the mechanisms regulating its levels in obese individuals. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of specific macronutrients on ghrelin levels in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. METHODS: Thirty-five subjects underwent a euglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) to examine glucose disposal and total ghrelin (TotG) and acylated ghrelin (AG) levels. Macronutrient intake was evaluated with a 3-day food questionnaire. RESULTS: Under fasting conditions, positive associations were observed between fiber intake and TotG and AG levels. Fasting AG also correlated positively with the intake of total energy, as well as monounsaturated and polyunsaturated lipids. Importantly, fiber consumption explained up to 26 and 23% of the variation in TotG and AG respectively. During the EHC, TotG levels were significantly reduced at all times, while AG was decreased at 60 min only. TotG area under the curve (AUC) values were positively associated with fiber and polyunsaturated lipid intake, while AG AUC values correlated positively with fiber, total energy, carbohydrate, and lipid intake. Interestingly, fiber intake explained up to 21% of the variation in TotG AUC, while total energy intake predicted up to 21% of the variation in the AG AUC. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that fiber intake is an important regulator of ghrelin levels both in fasting and in hyperinsulinemic conditions. Overall, these results reinforce the importance of the intimate association between eating habits and gastrointestinal hormonal regulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".