Fomepizole fails to prevent progression of acidosis in 2-butoxyethanol and ethanol coingestion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: 2-butoxyethanol (2BE) is a solvent commonly incorporated into household and industrial cleaning products. Its ingestion causes rapid central nervous system depression, hypotension, and metabolic acidosis attributable to metabolism of the parent compound to butoxyacetic acid (BAA) by alcohol dehydrogenase. Lactic acidosis is also reported to develop in some cases. Published treatment strategies include the use of ethanol infusion, ethanol with concomitant dialysis, dialysis alone, and fomepizole. CASE REPORT: We present an unusual case of a coingestion of ethanol and 150-250 mL of pure 2BE, which resulted in rapid obtundation, severe airway edema, hypotension, and prolonged acidosis despite the coingestion of ethanol and the administration of a loading dose of fomepizole. Continuous veno-venous hemodialysis was employed to treat the acidosis. Ingestion was confirmed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometric determinaiton of 2BE and BAA. The patient recovered without sequelae. CONCLUSION: Alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors may not be adequate to prevent acidosis in significant ingestions to 2BE and extracorporeal treatments may be necessary.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".