Studies on soil contamination due to used motor oil and its remediation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental program was undertaken to evaluate the changes in behaviour of soils due to interaction with used motor oil (U.M.O) followed by their remediation. Different types of soils classified as clay with low plasticity (CL), clay with high plasticity (CH), and poorly graded sand (SP) were used for the study. Laboratory studies were conducted on virgin (uncontaminated) soil samples and soil samples simulated to varying degrees of contamination (i.e., 3%, 6%, and 9% by dry weight of soil) to compare the geotechnical properties before and after contamination. The engineering properties altered due to contamination. Surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)) enhanced washing was employed to decontaminate the soils. It was observed that the original geotechnical properties of soils could be almost restored (variation ranging from 0 to 12%) upon decontamination with SDS at an optimum dosage.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".