Compact MMIC CPW and asymmetric CPS branch-line couplers and Wilkinson dividers using shunt and series stub loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Circuit size may be reduced by up to 60% by embedding series and shunt uniplanar stubs inside the main uniplanar line since this reuses physical space in the longitudinal direction. This size-efficient stub loading of the main uniplanar line results in robust options for designing compact K-band 90/spl deg/ hybrid couplers and Wilkinson dividers. The approach is confirmed by experimental results that agree well with theory up to at least 30 GHz using both coplanar waveguide (CPW) and asymmetric coplanar stripline (ACPS). Furthermore, these couplers and dividers do not use lumped inductors or capacitors and, consequently, have excellent design accuracy even at millimeter-wave frequencies. Additionally, it is shown that it is possible to design an ACPS 90/spl deg/ branch-line coupler without the conventional CPW quarter wavelength transformers used to match the input and output port characteristic impedances.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".