Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although a considerable amount has been written about the missionaries who were based on the Pacific Northwest Coast during the nineteenth century, many aspects of their life and ministry still await detailed consideration. This article seeks to contribute to an ongoing process of elucidation by examining the scripture translations produced by Church Missionary Society representatives stationed on the Haida Gwaii archipelago (off the West Coast of Canada) from 1876 onwards. In particular, a careful assessment of the Haida gospel translations that were published by William Collison (1847–1922), Charles Harrison (d.1926), and John Keen (c.1851–1950) reveals the complex genesis of these texts. Drawing upon previously neglected primary source material, this discussion explores such topics as the linguistic training the missionaries received and the use they made of informants who spoke Haida as a first language. Most importantly, though, a close reading of the gospels indicates how the translators attempted to negotiate with indigenous notions of power and servitude, and this in turn provides remarkable insights into the theological and socio‐political concerns of the missionaries involved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".