The reversible hydration of the malaria pigment β-hematin
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
β-Hematin, the crystalline heme detoxification product of red blood cell digestion by the malaria parasite, can reversibly absorb up to 14% of its mass in water. Heating hydrated β-hematin to temperatures greater than 150 °C results in loss of the hydrated water, which is readily reabsorbed on standing in air at room temperature. The amount of water absorbed is source dependent with highly crystalline samples produced by the anhydrous-base-mediated dehydrohalogenation being twice as absorptive as more amorphous samples produced by the aqueous acid precipitation method. Infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis have been used to measure the amount of water lost and gained during these experiments. X-ray powder diffraction has been used to characterize the effect of hydration state on the lattice parameters. Taken together these experiments resolve literature discrepancies concerning the elemental composition of synthetic and extracted natural β-hematin.Key words: malaria pigment, hemozoin, β-hematin, hydration, thermal gravimetric analysis, powder diffraction.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it