Determination of Major Constituents in St. John's Wort Under Different Extraction Conditions
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Different extraction procedures have been evaluated to quantify the major constituents (hypericins, hyperforins and flavonoids) of H. perforatum drug samples. The total amount of hypericins has been determined by UV and HPLC. Analysis of hyperforins and flavonoids has been performed by HPLC. Sonication with MeOH resulted the best extraction method to obtain a homogenous drug sample, representative of all the major metabolites and with less degradation products. The procedure was standardized with a commercial drug sample and then applied to quantify the active metabolites in H. perforatum plants collected in various localities in South Italy. Two of the drug samples resulted particularly rich in hypericin, namely, Altamura, 0.21% and Casamassima, 0.27%. Analysis of the flavonoid content confirmed the presence, in Italy, of a chemotype of H. perforatum without rutin.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it