Water molecular reorientation in ice and tetrahydrofuran clathrate hydrate from lineshape analysis of <sup>17</sup>O spin-echo NMR spectra
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lineshape analysis of 17 O spin-echo NMR spectra has been used to study water molecular reorientations in ice-Ih and THF Structure II clathrate hydrate. The kinetics was determined by the changes of the lineshapes of the 17 O central transitions at different temperatures. A model involving 12 orientations and 4-step jumps of water molecular orientations was proposed. Semi-classical exchange formalism was employed to simulate the lineshape of the central transitions of the 17 O nuclei. Lineshape analysis gave the quadrupolar coupling constant C Q = 6.43 MHz and the asymmetry parameter η = 0.935, for both ice-Ih and THF gas hydrate. The theoretical lineshape simulations resulted in activation energies of water molecular reorientations E a = 55.2 ± 2.1 kJ mol –1 and E a = 30.5 ± 0.8 kJ mol –1 for ice-Ih and THF hydrate, respectively. The range of dynamic rates in THF clathrate hydrate is such that before melting, a pseudo-isotropic lineshape is observed that retains a second-order quadrupolar shift. The water reorientation process is discussed in light of recent results on Bjerrum defect injection obtained from molecular dynamics simulation and structural studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".