Interaction between angiotensin II and Smad proteins in fibroblasts in failing heart and in vitro
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Angiotensin II (angiotensin) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1) play an important role in cardiac fibrosis. We examined Smad proteins in 8-wk post-myocardial infarction (MI) rat hearts. AT(1) blockade (losartan) attenuated the activation of TGF-beta(1) in target tissues. Losartan administration (8 wk, 15 mg. kg(-1). day(-1)) normalized total Smad 2 overexpression in infarct scar and remnant heart tissue and normalized Smad 4 in infarct scar. Phosphorylated Smad 2 (P-Smad 2) staining decreased in cytosol from failing heart vs. the control, which was normalized by losartan, suggesting augmented P-Smad 2 movement into nuclei in untreated failing hearts. Using adult primary rat fibroblasts treated with angiotensin (10(-6) M), we noted rapid translocation (15 min) of P-Smad 2 into the nuclei from the cytosol. Nuclear P-Smad 2 protein level increased with angiotensin treatment, which was blocked by losartan. We conclude that angiotensin may influence total Smad 2 and 4 expression in post-MI heart failure and that angiotensin treatment is associated with rapid P-Smad 2 nuclear translocation in isolated fibroblasts. This study suggests that cross talk between angiotensin and Smad signaling is associated with fibrotic events in post-MI hearts.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it