Altered State and Phenomenology of Consciousness in Schizophrenia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study sought: 1) to determine whether schizophrenia represents an altered state of consciousness; and 2) to identify the unique phenomenology of the psychotic state using a multidimensional, quantitative assessment system. Fourteen schizophrenic patients, 19 psychiatric non-psychotic patients, and 29 undergraduate students completed the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory, that assesses 10 major and 14 associated minor dimensions of consciousness. As hypothesized, compared to the ordinary state of consciousness the psychotic experience was found to represent an altered state associated, however, only with the differential organization of the putative minor components of consciousness. In addition, the psychiatric non-psychotic state was also found to represent an altered state, compared to ordinary consciousness, that was specifically associated with the major components of consciousness. The phenomenology of the psychotic experience was characterized by expected differences relative to the ordinary state, involving more altered awareness and experience (perceptual changes and unusual meanings), greater negative affect (anger, sadness, fear), and diminished volitional control and rationality, as well as greater arousal and decreased attention. The phenomenology of the psychiatric non-psychotic state proved highly similar to that of psychosis. Results highlight the importance of multidimensional mapping in studying the functioning of consciousness in schizophrenia and of controlling for other pathologies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".