On the relationship between the velocity of E-region HF echoes and <i>E</i>x<i>B</i> plasma drift
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. In this study, velocities of E-region HF echoes observed by the Stokkseyri HF radar are compared with ExB plasma drifts in the F-region measured by the DMSP satellites. Events were selected for which the DMSP track projected to the height of 110km was almost perpendicular to the central beams of the radar, resulting in a direct comparison of the cross-track component of the ExB drift and the line-of-sight HF velocity. We found that the typical ratio of HF velocity to the DMSP drift is ~0.35 in a range of DMSP drifts of 0-1700m/s. It is suggested that E-region HF velocities, observed both along the electrojet and at large flow angles, are significantly affected by scatter from the bottom of the electrojet layer where the irregularity phase velocity is expected to be strongly depressed with respect to the ExB flow.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".