<i>A la recherche des clitiques perdus</i>: The dictogloss as a measure of the comprehension of <i>y</i> and <i>en</i> by L2 learners of French
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In an effort to ascertain whether the paucity of object clitics in L2 production documented in the extant research may reflect comprehension difficulties, this article reports on the use of a dictogloss task to determine the degree to which intermediate-level L2 learners of French (N = 110) were able to process and reproduce the meaning of the clitics y and en. An analysis of the reconstructed texts revealed the presence of competing interlanguage forms. Overall, deleted objects, strong pronouns, and lexical noun phrases were used with greater frequency than the target forms. Errors related to animacy, argument structure, and referent constituted the primary source of non-target-like usage. Given the learners' frequent use of animate forms in lieu of y and en, it is suggested that teachers might do well to provide explicit instruction on the animacy distinction in prescriptive French.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".