Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The m 1 scale has been defined (Chen and Atkinson, 2002) in the frequency domain, where the Fourier acceleration amplitude at 1 Hz is employed. The m hf and M lp magnitude scales are determined accordingly with the high-frequency acceleration spectrum and the low-frequency displacement spectrum, respectively. This article deals with the similarity and correlations of these new magnitude scales with the popularly used moment magnitude ( M ) and the magnitude scales defined in the time domain, such as m b , M S , and M L , among others. The magnitudes m 1 , m hf , and M lp are associated with intermediate-, high-, and low-frequency bands, respectively, estimated from spectra corrected for geometric and anelastic scattering effects. Comparisons between the magnitude scales demonstrate that m 1 is a reliable indicator of earthquake size, which is not only well correlated with the local or regional magnitude but also is a good measure of the moment magnitude for at least small-to-moderate earthquakes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".