Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Is Expressed in Mucin Granules from Calu-3 and Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the tightly regulated anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), yet much of the pathology in this disease results from mucus obstruction of the small airways and other organs. Mucus stasis has been attributed to the abnormal luminal environment of CF airways, which results from dehydration of the mucus gel or low bicarbonate concentration. We show here that CFTR and MUC5AC are present in single mucin-containing granules isolated from a human airway epithelial cell line and from highly differentiated airway primary cell cultures. CFTR was not detected in MUC5AC granules from CFTR knockdown cells or CF primary cells. The results suggest a direct link between CFTR and the mucus defect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".