Non-axisymmetric dynamic response of imperfectly bonded buried fluid-filled orthotropic thin cylindrical shell due to incident compressional wave
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to assess and compare the relative importance of the effects of considering the fluid presence and the bond imperfection while evaluating the non-axisymmetric dynamic response of an imperfectly bonded empty as well as fluid filled orthotropic thin cylindrical shell buried under soil and excited by compressional wave (P-wave). While applying thin shell theory, the effect of shear deformation and rotary inertia need not to be considered. The pipeline had been modeled as an infinite cylindrical shell imperfectly bonded to surrounding. A thin layer is assumed between the shell and the surrounding medium (soil) such that this layer possesses the properties of stiffness and damping both. The effects of the fluid presence on the shell displacement have been studied for different soil conditions and at various angles of incidence of the longitudinal wave. It is observed that magnitude of the dynamic response of fluid filled pipeline is more than that of an empty pipeline. Axial and radial deflection of thin pipe is considerable even under hard soil conditions under imperfect bonding of pipe with soil. Numerical results have been presented for the longitudinal compressional wave (P- wave) only. Key words: Orthotropic, Imperfect bond, seismic wave, non-axisymmetric, dynamic response, buried pipelines, thin shell.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".