Pheromone identification of<i>Dioryctria abietivorella</i>(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from an eastern North American population: geographic variation in pheromone response
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The fir coneworm,Dioryctria abietivorella(Groté), is a transcontinental pest of coniferous seed cones. Recently, the attractive pheromone components and lure blend for the fir coneworm in western Canada were identified as a 200 µg : 2000 µg ratio of (9Z,11E)-tetradecadienyl acetate (9Z,11E-14:Ac) and a polyunsaturated hydrocarbon, (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-pentacosapentaene (C25pentaene). A potential third component, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (9Z-14:Ac), which was detected in pheromone gland extracts, had no effect on males of the western population when added to the binary blend. In contrast, in eastern Canada (Quebec) we found that the 200 µg : 2000 µg binary blend was unattractive to male fir coneworms until 9Z-14:Ac was added. By means of several field experiments we established that a 67 µg : 200 µg : 2000 µg ratio of 9Z-14:Ac, 9Z,11E-14:Ac, and the C25pentaene was attractive to fir coneworms in Quebec. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis of pheromone gland extracts of fir coneworm from Quebec confirmed the presence of the three components in extracts in an approximately 1 µg : 4 µg : 10 µg ratio of 9Z-14:Ac, 9Z,11E-14:Ac, and the C25pentaene. Our results provide evidence that the eastern and western populations ofD. abietivorellaare distinct geographic pheromone races, with 9Z-14:Ac being required for attracting males of the eastern population but not males of the western population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".