Synchronization to Disturbed Utility-Network Signals Using a Multirate Phase-Locked Loop
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a digital-signal-processing system suitable for synchronization in applications where the synchronization signal is severely disturbed, and where the signal frequency and amplitude are variable. The system is based on a multirate phase-locked loop. The main advantages of the multirate approach are that it relaxes the implementation of the antialiasing filter, and it enables one to accommodate the varying amplitude of the input signal. The antialiasing filter, which is in this case a high-order bandpass filter, is implemented in the digital part of the system. This feature is achieved by applying the oversampling technique to the input signal. The antialiasing filter automatically adapts to the input-signal-frequency variations through the system's variable sample-rate operation. This paper deals with modeling, analysis, control, and implementation issues of the proposed system. The system is implemented on a platform based on the Texas Instruments TMS320C31 digital signal processor. Tracking properties of the implemented system are verified with realistic signals such as a sinusoidal signal containing notch-type disturbance and noise and an arc-furnace voltage signal
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".