Developmental changes in left and right ventricular diastolic filling patterns in mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Developmental changes in left and right ventricular diastolic filling patterns were determined noninvasively in isoflurane-anesthetized outbred ICR mice. Blood velocities in the mitral and tricuspid orifices were recorded in 16 embryos at days 14.5 (E14.5) and 17.5 of gestation (E17.5) using an ultrasound biomicroscope and also serially in three groups of postnatal mice aged 1-7 days (n = 23), 1-4 wk (n = 18), and 4-12 wk (n = 27) using 20-MHz pulsed Doppler. Postnatal body weight increased rapidly to 8 wk. Heart rate increased rapidly from approximately 180 beats/min at E14.5 to approximately 380 beats/min at 1 wk after birth and then more gradually to plateau at approximately 450 beats/min after 4 wk. Ventricular filling was quantified using the ratio of peak velocity of early ventricular filling due to active relaxation (E wave) to that of the late ventricular filling caused by atrial contraction (A wave) (peak E/A ratio) and the ratio of the peak E velocity to total time-velocity integral of E and A waves (peak E/total TVI ratio). Both ventricles had similar diastolic filling patterns in embryos (peak E/A ratio of 0.28 +/- 0.02 for mitral flow and 0.27 +/- 0.02 for tricuspid flow at E14.5). After birth, mitral peak E/A increased to >1 between the third and fifth day, continued to increase to 2.25 +/- 0.25 at approximately 3 wk, and then remained stable. The tricuspid peak E/A ratio increased much less but stabilized at the same age (increased to 0.79 +/- 0.03 at 3 wk). The peak E/total TVI ratio showed similar left-right differences and changes with development. Age-related changes were largely due to increases in peak E velocity. The results suggest that diastolic function matures approximately 3 wk postnatally, presumably in association with maturation of ventricular recoil and relaxation mechanisms.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".