BAS/BSCR29 Apolipoprotein(a) impairs adaptive remodelling in human saphenous vein endothelial and smooth muscle cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)), a unique glycoprotein component of plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)),exhibits resistance to classical lipid-lowering treatments. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is commonly used to bypass coronary arteries diseased by atherosclerosis, routinely using the saphenous vein (SV) as a conduit. Early after grafting the SV adapts to the arterial environment through re-endothelialisation, and increased motility of smooth muscle cells (SMC). A clinical association between Lp(a) and coronary artery disease is evident; however, its role in vein graft failure is less clear. Endothelial cells (EC) and SMC were cultured from the SV of patients undergoing CABG. The influence of apo(a) on cellular activity was examined by proliferation (cell counting), chemotaxis (modified Boyden chamber) and chemokinesis (scratch wound) assays. Apo(a) significantly inhibited SV-EC proliferation (n=9, p<0.001). Although no effect on SV-SMC proliferation was apparent, apo(a) markedly modulated SMC motility and appeared to act as a chemorepellent. When SMC were acutely exposed to a gradient of apo(a), they consistently migrated away from the source (n=6, p<0.01). Chronic exposure to apo(a) in the scratch wound model also revealed that the speed of migration was reduced (n=5, p<0.01). Remodelling of the SV is essential for adaptation to an arterial environment, and key to its function as a successful bypass graft. Our studies show that apo(a) inhibits EC proliferation, potentially compromising endothelial repair in the grafted vein. Furthermore, the chemorepellent effect of apo(a) may also impede critical SMC migration required for effective integration. Lp(a) is therefore likely to contribute to impaired SV adaptation and inferior graft patency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".