Ferroelectric ordering in the relaxor<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">P</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">b</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">M</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Nb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>as evidenced by low-temperature phonon anomalies
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neutron scattering measurements of the lowest-energy TO phonons in the relaxor $\mathrm{Pb}({\mathrm{Mg}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2/3}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (PMN) are reported for $10<~T<~750 \mathrm{K}.$ The soft mode, which is overdamped by the polar nanoregions below the Burns temperature ${T}_{d}=620 \mathrm{K},$ surprisingly recovers below 220 K. The square of the soft-mode energy $(\ensuremath{\Elzxh}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}{)}^{2}$ increases linearly with decreasing temperature and is consistent with the behavior of a ferroelectric soft mode. At 10 K, $\ensuremath{\Elzxh}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ reaches 11 meV, the same value observed in ferroelectric $\mathrm{Pb}({\mathrm{Zn}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2/3}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ at low T. An unusual broadening of the TA phonon starts at ${T}_{d}$ and disappears at 220 K, coincident with the recovery of the TO mode. These dynamics suggest that a well-developed ferroelectric state is established below 220 K.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.006 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.015 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.013 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.971 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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