Enhancement of Presynaptic Glutamate Release and Persistent Inflammatory Pain by Increasing Neuronal cAMP in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Both presynaptic and postsynaptic alterations are associated with plastic changes of brain circuits, such as learning and memory, drug addiction and chronic pain. However, the dissection of the relative contributions of pre- and postsynaptic components to brain functions is difficult. We have previously shown peripheral inflammation caused both presynaptic and postsynaptic changes and calcium-stimulated cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is critical in the synaptic plasticity and behavioral sensitization to pain. It remains to be elucidated whether presynaptic or postsynaptic modulation by cAMP in the ACC could be sufficient for enhancing inflammatory pain. In order to address this question, we took advantage of a novel transgenic mouse model, heterologously expressing an Aplysia octopamine receptor (Ap oa1). This receptor is G protein-coupled and selectively activates the cAMP pathway. We found that activation of Ap oa1 by octopamine enhanced glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the ACC by increasing presynaptic glutamate release in vitro. Bilateral microinjection of octopamine into the ACC significantly facilitated behavioral responses to inflammatory pain but not acute pain. The present study provides the first evidence linking enhanced presynaptic glutamate release in the ACC to behavioral sensitization caused by peripheral inflammation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it