MODELING OF THE HERMES SUBMILLIMETER SOURCE LENSED BY A DARK MATTER DOMINATED FOREGROUND GROUP OF GALAXIES
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Full frame distilled prediction
Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
- Candidate categories
- none
- Consensus categories
- none
- Domain
- Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
- Study design
- Candidate signal: ObservationalConsensus signal: Observational
- Genre
- Candidate signal: EmpiricalConsensus signal: Empirical
- Teacher disagreement score
- 0.023
- Threshold uncertainty score
- 0.439
- Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated·codex-gemma-dda1882f352a
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.180 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
We present the results of a gravitational lensing analysis of the bright z_s = 2.957 submillimeter galaxy (SMG) HERMES found in the Herschel/SPIRE science demonstration phase data from the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) project. The high-resolution imaging available in optical and near-IR channels, along with CO emission obtained with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer, allows us to precisely estimate the intrinsic source extension and hence estimate the total lensing magnification to be μ = 10.9 ± 0.7. We measure the half-light radius R_(eff) of the source in the rest-frame near-UV and V bands that characterize the unobscured light coming from stars and find R_(eff),* = [2.0 ± 0.1] kpc, in good agreement with recent studies on the SMG population. This lens model is also used to estimate the size of the gas distribution (R_(eff,gas) = [1.1 ± 0.5] kpc) by mapping back in the source plane the CO (J = 5 → 4) transition line emission. The lens modeling yields a relatively large Einstein radius R_(Ein) = 4".10 ± 0".02, corresponding to a deflector velocity dispersion of [483 ± 16] km s^(–1). This shows that HERMES is lensed by a galaxy group-size dark matter halo at redshift z_l ~ 0.6. The projected dark matter contribution largely dominates the mass budget within the Einstein radius with f_(dm)(< R_(Ein)) ~ 80%. This fraction reduces to f_(dm)(< R_(eff,G1) ≃ 4.5 kpc) ~ 47% within the effective radius of the main deflecting galaxy of stellar mass M_(*,G1) = [8.5 ± 1.6] × 10^(11) M_☉. At this smaller scale the dark matter fraction is consistent with results already found for massive lensing ellipticals at z ~ 0.2 from the Sloan Lens ACS Survey.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Topic
- Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Field
- Physics and Astronomy
- Canadian institutions
- University of LethbridgeUniversity of British Columbia
- Funders
- Science and Technology Facilities CouncilCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of SciencesMax-Planck-GesellschaftUniversità degli Studi di PadovaCardiff UniversityUniversity of SussexNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationImperial College LondonUniversity of LethbridgeCalifornia Institute of TechnologyCentre National d’Etudes SpatialesW. M. Keck Foundation
- Keywords
- PhysicsAstrophysicsEinstein radiusGalaxyDark matterRedshiftVelocity dispersionGravitational lensRADIUSPlateau de Bure InterferometerPopulationDark matter haloHalo
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes