FPGA-Based Fully Parallel PCA-ANN for Spectrum Sensing
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cognitive radio system is proposed as an optimal way to improve the frequency underutilization. Spectrum sensing is the first and the essential function in this approach. A cognitive user must sense his environment to detect the unused channels, and then he can use the free channel without causing any interference to the primary user. In this article, an innovative technique is proposed for spectrum sensing based on principal component analysis and neural networks in frequency domain. The designed blocks are described using VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL). The suggested application consists of extracting features from the captured signals by PCA; the classification is done by a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). Neural network training part and principal components are done on MATLAB environment; while the hardware implementations are created on an FPGA DE2-70board.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it