Passive standoff detection of radiological products by Fourier-transform infrared radiometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A preliminary investigation is made into the possibility of applying the passive standoff detection technique to the identification of radiological and related products. This work is based on laboratory measurements of the diffuse reflectance from a number of products, including U3O8, CsI, SrO, I2O5, and La2O3. These reflectances are incorporated into the MODTRAN4 radiative-transfer model to simulate the nadir radiance from surfaces consisting of these radiological or related materials. The simulations are performed for two situations: at an altitude of 1 m above the ground, to simulate the passive detection of nuclear products with a hand-held instrument, and at an altitude of 1 km, to simulate a passive sensor carried aboard an aircraft. The results of the simulations under idealized conditions, as well as the results of one measurement, show that the passive standoff detection of radiological products by Fourier-transform infrared radiometry may be possible.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".