Widefield quantitative multiplex surface enhanced Raman scattering imaging<i>in vivo</i>
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years numerous studies have shown the potential advantages of molecular imaging in vitro and in vivo using contrast agents based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), however the low throughput of traditional point-scanned imaging methodologies have limited their use in biological imaging. In this work we demonstrate that direct widefield Raman imaging based on a tunable filter is capable of quantitative multiplex SERS imaging in vivo, and that this imaging is possible with acquisition times which are orders of magnitude lower than achievable with comparable point-scanned methodologies. The system, designed for small animal imaging, has a linear response from (0.01 to 100 pM), acquires typical in vivo images in <10 s, and with suitable SERS reporter molecules is capable of multiplex imaging without compensation for spectral overlap. To demonstrate the utility of widefield Raman imaging in biological applications, we show quantitative imaging of four simultaneous SERS reporter molecules in vivo with resulting probe quantification that is in excellent agreement with known quantities (R²>0.98).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it