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Record W2116442984 · doi:10.1002/dmrr.280

Diabetes trends in Latin America

2002· review· en· W2116442984 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueDiabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · 2002
Typereview
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicDiabetes and associated disorders
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsLife expectancyDiabetes mellitusLatin AmericansMedicineDemographyIncidence (geometry)Type 2 diabetesPopulationUrbanizationDiseaseGerontologyMortality rateEnvironmental healthInternal medicineEndocrinology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The incidence of type 1 diabetes in Latin America ranges from 0.4 to 8.3 cases per 100000 children under 15 years of age, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes ranges from 1.2% to 8%, with higher prevalence rates in urban areas. The frequency of diabetes in Latin America is expected to increase by 38% over the next 10 years, compared with an estimated 14% increase in the total population. The total number of cases of diabetes is expected to more than double and to exceed the number of cases in the US, Canada, and Europe by 2025. Factors underlying this increase include aging and increased life expectancy of the population, increased urbanization, and lifestyle changes among Native American populations. In many places, only a minority of individuals currently receives treatment for diabetes. Furthermore, the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes often occurs late in the course of the disease, with the result that 10-40% of patients have chronic complications at the time of diagnosis. Hospital costs account for most direct expenditures associated with treatment, and mortality associated with diabetes has increased markedly in some areas over the past 2 decades.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.967
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0030.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.070
GPT teacher head0.369
Teacher spread0.299 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it