The directionality of acoustic T-phase signals from small magnitude submarine earthquakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acoustic transients radiated from small magnitude undersea earthquakes were studied in an experiment carried out using a towed horizontal line array operating in the South Fiji Basin. The transient signals consisted of P, S, and T phases, with the T-phase signal from each earthquake lasting up to 7min. The directionality of the T-phase signal was determined by processing the array hydrophone data with a conventional beamformer. The weakest part of the signal arrived first on a direct bearing between the earthquake source and the array. However, subsequent stronger components arrived from different directions farther south of the source, in a region where a number of seamounts and ridges rose within the sound channel. A simple model based on ray path travel times for elastic wave travel in the earth and acoustic wave propagation in the water suggests that the later components of the T-phase signal were radiated into the water by downslope propagation from the seamounts and ridges. The initial weaker components may be scattered into the sound channel by leakage from the P and S phases relatively close to the array.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".