The use of RAPD markers to distinguish among juniper and cedar cultivars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two species of Chamaecyparis and six cultivars each of Juniperus chinensis L. and Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. (Cupressaceae) were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using seven primers. Unweighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) and principal component analyses of genetic distances between cultivars showed that 42 polymorphic RAPD bands could distinguish among all cultivars and properly group them by species and genera. Where the origin of a specific juniper cultivar is uncertain, analysis of genetic distance can pinpoint close relatives. For example, we were unable to trace the origin of J. chinensis 'Alps', and we initially thought it was a mislabeled J. chinensis 'Blue Alps'. However, we found 'Alps' to be closer to J. chinensis 'Fairview' and 'Mountbatten' than to 'Blue Alps'. Similarly, 'Wichita Blue' has an unknown origin, but it had the highest genetic similarity with 'Medora'.Key words: juniper, cedar, RAPD, cultivars, phylogenetics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".