The Role of Statistics in National Development with Reference to Botswana and Nigeria Statistical Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of statistics and statisticians in national development with emphasize that government at all levels should embark on building a very viable information system in order to have adequate statistical information for designing a formidable evidence based policy. Given the relevant statistics cited from both Botswana and Nigeria statistical database, this study identifies that no meaningful national development can take place without empowering the national statistical system. In national development, the aspirations of a policy is to attain national goals and to achieve a fair measure of success in the goals, there is need to map out strategic plans, set up machinery for execution of the plans and monitor the implementation process; this is exactly the point at which the role of statistics is vital and relevant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.038 | 0.102 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.018 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".