On the benefits of non-uniform signaling in chip-asynchronous CDMA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper explores chip-asynchronous CDMA transmission when single-user demodulation and decoding are used at the receiver. First, a chip-level channel model is presented to account for chip-asynchronism between different users. Using the model, the symmetric capacity of chip-asynchronous CDMA is investigated. Numerical results indicate that a sum rate of 2 bits per channel use is achievable when chip symbols {-1, 1} are utilized in appropriate non-equiprobable fashion. This represents over a 2.5 times capacity gain over traditional uniform chip signaling in chip-synchronous CDMA. Consequently, the symmetric sum capacity is further investigated when the zero chip symbol is also utilized for CDMA transmission. The obtained capacity results indicate that nonuniform signaling with {-1,0,+1} chip symbols can lead to an energy efficient CDMA transmission scheme which could achieve energy savings of up to 3 dB over the traditional CDMA with equiprobable {-1, +1} chip symbols.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".