Haar transform analysis of photon time-of-flight measurements for quantification of optical properties in scattering media
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A method to independently quantify the absorption and the scattering properties of samples based on the analysis of the Haar transform (HT) of photon time-of-flight (TOF) distributions is described. A series of reflectance photon TOF measurements were acquired from absorbing/scattering milk samples of known composition (0 < mu(a) < 0.025 mm(-1); 100 < mu(s) < 250 mm(-1)). The HT of the profiles was calculated, and the regression based on the most parsimonious subset of wavelets was determined by the genetic algorithm (GA). In addition, the utility of computing the logarithm of the profiles or of the absolute value of the wavelet coefficients before the GA was studied. Results show that the absorption coefficient could be estimated with a coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 6.7% and an r2 of 0.99 by use of the log of selected wavelets of frequency less than 800 MHz. Scattering coefficients were estimated with a C.V. of 2.3% and an r2 of 0.99 with the log of wavelets of frequency less than 400 MHz. The above results suggest that a simplified instrument based on low-frequency switches could be developed to quantify the optical properties of highly scattering media.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".